Singular and Plural

Spelling and Pronunciation of Final -es
Spelling			Pronunciation	Ending of verb :  -sh, -ch, -ss, -x Speliing : add –es Pronunciation : /əz/
-sh -ch -ss -x	Push Teach Kiss Fix	Pushes Teaches Kisses Fixes	Push/əz/ Teach/əz/ Kiss/əz Fiz/əz

Adding final –s / -es to words that end in -y
Cry Try	Cries Tries	End of verb : consonant + -y Spelling : change y to i, add -es
Pay Enjoy	Pays Enjoys	End of verb : vowel + -y Spelling : add -s

Spelling and Pronunciation of Final –s / -es
Spelling		Pronunciation
(a)    Rub Ride Smile Dream Run Wear Drive See Snow (b)   Drink Sleep Write Laugh	Rubs Rides Smiles Dreams Runs Wears Drives Sees Snows Drinks Sleeps Writes Laughs	Rub/z/ Ride/z/ Smile/z/ Dream/z/ Run/z/ Wear/z/ Drive /z/ See/z/ Snow/z/ Drink/s/ Sleep/s/ Write/s/ Laugh/s/	To form a simple present verb in 3rd person singular, you usually add only –s as in (a) and (b).
			In (a) : -s pronounced /z/. The final sounds in (a) are ‘voiced”*. Voiced sounds make your vocal cords vibrate. The sound /b/ is a voiced sound.
			In (b) : -s is pronounced /s/. The final sounds in (b) are “voiceless”*.Your vocal cords do NOT vibrate with voiceless sound. You push air through your teeth and lips. The sound /p/ is a voiceless sound.
(c)    Push Teach Kiss Fix Buzz	Pushes Teaches Kisses Fixes Buzzes	Push/ əz/ Teach/əz/ Kiss/ əz/ Fix/ əz/ Buzz/əz/	End of verb : -sh, -ch, -ss, -x Spelling : add  –es Pronunciation : /əz/
(d)   Cry Study Baby	Cries Studies Babies	Cry/z/ Study/z/ Baby/z/	End of verb : consonant + -y Spelling : change y to i, add -es
(e)    Pay Buy Boy Key	Pays Buys Boys Keys	Pay/z/ Buy/z/ Boy/z/ Key/z/	End of verb : vowel + -y Spelling : add -s
(f)    Have Go Do	Has Goes Does	/hæz/ /gowz/ /dəz/	The 3rd person singular forms of have, go and do are irregular.
(g)   Hero Tomato Potato Cargo	Heroes Tomatoes Potatoes Cargoes	Hero/es/ Tomato/es/ Potato/es/ Cargo/es/	End of verb : consonant + -o Spelling : add -es
(h)   Calf Knife Wolf Half Loaf	Calves Knives Wolves Halves Loaves	Calf/ez/ Kni/ez Wolf/ez/ Half/ez/ Loaf/ez//	End of verb : consonant + -f / -fe Spelling : change to –ves

*Voiced sound = b,d,g,l,m,n,r,v,y and all the vowels a,e,i,u,o

  Voiceless sound = f,h,k,p,s,t,th as in think