CONJUNCTIONS

(a)    Coordinating Conjunctions

1.      Cumulative 

And	He didn’t write, and I didn’t fell at rest.
Both … and	He was both degraded and expelled. He is both a drunkard and a coward.
Also	He is honest, and you also.
As well as	He as well as you is guilty.
No less than	He no less than you is guilty.
Not only... but	Not only I, but all the other men declare this to be true.
Not not…but also	That man was not only accused, but also convicted. She is not only beautiful but also clever.
Now	Now that I am older, I understand better.

2.      Alternative

Either … or	Either that boy sinned or his parents.
Neither …nor	He was neither an opium-smoker nor a drunkard. I neither saw him nor heard him.
Or	You or Thomas is wrong. Don’t approach a step nearer or you will killed.
Else	Run, else you’ll be late.
Otherwise	You must take rest, otherwise you will lose your health.

3.      Adversative

But	He is poor, but honest.
Still	She is rich, still she isn’t contented.
Yet	She is rich, yet she isn’t contented.
Nevertheless	He is clever man, nevertheless he often make mistakes.
However	I’d like to go however I haven’t the time.
Whereas	Wise men love truth, whereas fools shun it. I thought it was gold, whereas it was only brass.
While	Mahogany is a hard wood, while pine is soft. While I like the color, I don’t like the shape. You may sit down, while I stand. He fainted while watching soccer.
Only	The book is interesting, only too long. I’d have come, only I didn’t know.

4.      Illative

Therefore	He was out of health and therefore he couldn’t go to school.
So	It is time to go, so let us start.
So then	It is time to go, so then let us start.
Then	If you wrong, then you must admit it.
For	It is going to rain, for the barometer is falling.

(b)   Subordinating Conjunctions

1.      Apposition 

Principal/main/independent clause	Dependent Clause
He made a promise	that he would return soon.

2.      Cause and reason

Principal	Dependent Clause
We can do nothing,	as he refuses
He couldn’t go	because he was ill.
He will succeed	since he has studied hard

3.      Result and effect

Principal	Dependent Clause
He ran so fast	that he made himself tired

4.      Purpose

Principal	Dependent Clause
He ran fast,	that he night not be late
He shouted at the top of,	in order that he might be heard
We eat,	so that we may live
He worked hard,	lest he should fail

5.      Requisite

Principal	Dependent Clause
I will go out tomorrow,	if it is fine
I will come,	unless I hear to the contrary
I will come,	provided I am well enough
He talks,	as if he were drunk
We must do as we are told,	whether we wish it or no

6.      Concession

Principal	Dependent Clause
He worked hard,	even though he was tired
He is an honest man,	though/although he is poor
He will never succeed,	however much he may try
He is still asleep,	notwithstanding that he has

7.      Comparison 

·         She is as tall as I am

·         He is as clever as you

·         She is as good as she is wise

·         He is more clever than you

·         The sea is deeper than the mountains are high

8.      Degree 

Principal	Dependent Clause
The business will prosper,	according as it is judiciously managed.
The train hasn’t arrived yet,	as far as I know
Men will reap,	as they sow.

9.      Time

Principal	Dependent Clause
She called on her neighbor,	as the clock struck six
I will go,	as soon as he comes
You can sit down,	while I stand
The earth will go around the sun,	while the world lasts.
I will help you,	as long as I live
He studied very hard,	before he succeeded
With here,	until I return
You must study hard,	ere you can gain your end
I will go,	after he leaves.
She has been much stronger,	since she recovered from her illness.